Internal-combustion engine and method of burning fuel-oil therein.



. L. WYGODSKY.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE-AND METHOD OF BURNlNG FUEL OIL THEREIN.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 31. I916.

L fifi w, Patented May 14, 1918.

. in Wantony w LEON WYGODSKY, F BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, ASSIGNOR T0 BALTIMORE OIL ENGINE COANY, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, A CORPORATION OF D ELAW.

ETERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE AND METHOD OF BURNING FUEL-OIL THEREI'H.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 11%, 1 313.

Application filed May 31, 1916. Serial No. 100,7 69.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, LEON VVYooosKY, a subject of the Czar of Russia, and a resident of the city of Baltimore, Maryland, have invented certain new and useful Improve ments in Internal-Combustion Engines and Methods of Burning Fuel-Oil Therein, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines, particularly engines of the so-called two cycle type, and comprises a novel construction of cylinder, cylinder head, and piston, whereby improved scavenging of the engine is effected,

. together with increased economy in fuel consumption, and whereby other desirable results are realized. My invention further comprises improved means for the production at the end of the compression stroke, of a small quantity of highly compressed air at a pressure suitable for the operation of a sprayer for spraying fuel into the engine cylinder. Other features of my invention will be pointed out hereafter.

The objects of my invention are, to improve the scavenging of two cycle engines; to insure practically complete separation of the burnt gases from the incoming air; to obtain better flow of the air into the engine cylinder, and a more eflective sweep of the burnt gases by that air out of the engine cylinder; to efiect such scavenging without material loss of the air through the exhaust port of the engine cylinder; to avoid leakage into the exhaust port oi the engine cylinder, of the air compressed in that cylinder; to provide an easy sweep for the gases through and out of the engine cylinder, and to so arrange the ports of the engine that the incoming charge and the out-flowing burnt gases shall flow in one direction only, thereby to a large extent preventing mixture of air with the burnt gases; to utilize the inertia of the burnt gases to empty the engine cylinder of such gases, and to use the inertia of the incoming air to fill the cylinder with such air and to induce a currentof extra air from the crank case; and to provide improved means for compression to a high degree, within the engine cylinder, of air for the operation of a fuel spraying levice; also to obtain high compression in the engine cylinder, as is desirable for use of heavy oil fuel.

I will now proceed to describe my invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, and will then; point out the novel features in claims:

' In said drawings:

Figure 1 shows a central vertical section of a two cycle engine embodying my invention.

Fig. 2 shows a transverse line 2-..2 of Fig. 1, and

Fig. 3 shows a transverse section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

Referring first to Fig. 1: The engine shown therein is of the crank case compression type, and comprises a crank case bottom member 1, a crank case top and cylinder base 2, a cylinder proper 3, a cylinder head 4, a piston 5, a crank shaft 6 and a connecting rod 7. The cylinder head l is provided with a portion 8 projecting into the top of section on the the engine cylinder, which projecting portion is hollow, for lightness and in order that there may not be too great thickness of metal. The cylinder is provided with the usual cooling g'aclret 9, and the cylinder head may also be provided with a cord recess 10 through which cooling water may be circulated. The cylinder is provided with an exhaust port or belt 11, which in this case is located at the top of the main portion of the engine cylinder, instead of being located at the bottom of such cylinder as is common in two cycle engine practice. This exhaust port or belt extends completely around the engine cylinder as indicated particularly in Fig. 2, and is conccted with the engine cylinder by spaces between ribs 12 forming a part 0 the engine cylinder. The engine is provided with a transfer port 13 extending completely around the engine cylinder, the lower sleeve portion 14 of the engine cylinder being connected to the outer wall of the cylinder structure by ribs 15 shown in Fig. 3.-

The piston 5 is provided with a piston head 16, tapering upwardly or toward'the rear, and is further provided with a valvesleeve extension 17 working in the narrow annular space between the cylinder walls and the inwardly projecting portion 8 of the cylinder head; and the piston is further provided between this sleeve portion 17 and the.

piston head 16, with an inwardly projecting curved boss 18, there being, between the bottom of this boss and the piston head 16, a port-passage, 19- adapted to coact with the 7 upvverclor backward in the cylincler forcing before it the lournt geses elree' cly n the cylincler. Because of curvecl rm of the lower portion of) the cylincler projection 8, and loeceuse oi the curved of the upper portion of the loose 18 the our gases, so swept upvverd by the entering er erej'ceused to flow outrvercl toward the export ll. 1 thus ecliieve e natural in vvcrcl encl upwerclor beclrwercl flow or entering eir followed by outwercl oi the air Within the engine cylinder sucli ceuses sucli entering air to fill engine cylinder first et bottom end thence up- Ward, and 1 also ecliieve e neturel upward or lieclrword encl outrvurcl ilorv oi the burnt gases in advance of ne entering uir; e condition which creates very perfect scevenginc n s 0 d or the. engine cylinder While avoiding" ecy ineteriel' mixture of the entering eir "Wit-n the burnt gas This 13 very important, be-

cause complete scavenging" of two-cycle err-- gines is'c-f course very clesireole, out es is Well lmovrn, hes not been ett ined effectively in the pest, except possibly by the use of special scavenging means in erlclition to the ection oi eclmittecl from the cruel; case. It is Well known that the form of the certs Within the engine cylinuer efifect very greatly the flow or the incoming fl-il ilow of the outgoing burnt The i'forrn or the piston, including heed 16 its sleeve 17 end its loose l8, end the form or the lower tapering portion or the cylinder lieerl pro jectiou 8 are such, in my engine, procluce more perfect scevenging then lies ever been effected before my knowledge. in eclclitiou since the entering eir encl the outgoing burnt gases flow, in generel in one direction only, and Without materiel svrir ing, the inertie or these gases eirlc greetly in. the complete expulsion of the burutgcses end the complete filling of the engine cylincler with air uncontaminated "with exlneust gases; also, the inertia of the entering eir tends to drew into the eng ne cylinder a quantity oi air in excess of the cubic contents or that cylinder at atmospheric pressure. In other Words, the cylincler receives e supercharge of pure air.

In the clrevving, the piston is shown et the top of its stroire. Near the curl of its toriverrl or downwcrrl strclxe, upper oi the sleeve extension 1'? oi the uncovers the ll whereby engine cylinder ere elreecly flowing upwardly and outwardly into that exhaustport, he compressed air us it enters merely assists this outward sweeping oi the burnt gases, driving hem up and out oi the lower portion of the cylinder toward the exhaust port; there being little or no occasion for swirling motion or either the air entering the enguie cylinder or the burnt-gases passing from the engine cylinder, and. therefore little occasion for mixing of theeir with the burnt gases; particularly in viewer the already established current oi burnt gases, es elreedy mentioned. ln feet, it isclesi'recl so for as -possible, to ineiutein complete s tretificetion between the burnt gases endthcfentering air.

The valve sleeve I? of the piston, in mov-. ing up through the nnnulerspace between cylintler lieecl projection 8 metre Walls of the cylinder compresses air at the top or this annular space; and the; length of this sleeve 17 is such that at the top of the stroke the clearance space in such annular space is less in. proportion then the clearance space in the rue-in portion of the engine cylinder; and as e result air is compressed, at the top this annular space to e higher'degree than the compression in the main portion of the,

engine cylinder. This higher. compression at the too of the annular space iii-Which the sleeve 1? Works, is of eclventege'for several reasons; first of all it tends to prevent loss of air in the main compression space of the engine cylinder by leakage around the sleeve Z; encl furthermore, the air so compressed in the annular space is useful in spraying fuel oil into the engine cylinder. While of course a combustible charge might be drawn into the crank case 2 and thence posse through the transfer port 13 into the engine cylinder, I prefer to admit pure air only into the crank case and thence through the transfer port into the engine cylinder, and to provide e sprayer 21) in the cylinder heed. This sprayer may be of any of the usual types and may receive its oil or fuel through a pipe 21, the oil being "forced through that gripe 21 and the flow of such oil being regulatecl by any suitable means, for example, the governor-controlled pump of my Patent No. QZ'lfifi cletecl @ctober l, 1910. While according to that patent the oil is spreyeu toe cert 11, the exhaust gases in the lull by pressure produced by the pump, it is convenient to employ compressed air for effecting a finer atomization of the oil and a consider it necessary to illustrate herein the details or the sprayer 2%.

Any of the ordinary means may be employed for admitting air to the crank case 2, and there-fore l have not thought it necessary to illustrate any particular means for that purpose herein. (his well known means is an inwardly opening check valve located in a suitable port in the crank case, and another well known means is a port or ports in the cylinder wall arranged to be uncovered at suitable times by the piston-as in the socalled three-port two-cycle engine.

ln some eases, two cycle engines are provided with compression chambers, other than a crank case. and with supplementary pistons "for such compression chambers, operated by the main engine piston. I have not thought it necessary to illustrate such a construction in connection with the engine herein illustrated and described, for the reason that such supplemental compression spaces with supplemental pistons are, in a broad sense, the mere equivalent of the crank-case compression space wherein air is compressed by the main piston. It will be obvione to those skilled in the art how such a supplemental compression device may be applied to my engine in lieu of the employment of crank case compression.

In a broad sense it is immaterial in an engine such as herein described, whether the transfer port open into the engine cylinder near the lower or outboard end there of, and the exhaust port open from the engine cylinder near the upper or inboard end thereof, or whether the reverse be the case. Both types of engine are known, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that in my engine the positions of the transverse port and exhaust port might be reversed. Location of the transfer port near the lower or outboard end of the cylinder possesses many structural advantages, however, and so is preferred. I

I havedesigned this engine with a view to the use. primarily, of heavy oil fuel. For the use of such fuel relatively high compression in the engine cylinder is desirable; for example, a pressure in excess of 150 pounds per square inch. Obviously, in order that such high compression may be obtained, the clearance space in the engine cylinder, at the end of the upstroke of the iston, must be very small. I am aware 0 prior patents showing engines having an admission port at the lower end of the cylinder and an exhaust port at the upper end of the cylinder and arranged to be uncovered or opened, near the lower end of the piston stroke, by a valve sleeve extension of the piston.

has not been practicable, heretofore, to use projection, and therefore the admission port 19 of the piston will not open the exhaust port even though, as in the design shown in the accompanying drawings, the piston head approach practically to the lower termination of the cylinder head projection, at the end of the compression stroke of the piston.

As the boss 18 of the piston nears the tapering portion of the cylinder head projeo tion 8, there -is a peculiar action which tends to assist greatly the spreading out of the spray of fuel oil injected at about that time by the sprayer 20; for, since at the end of the compression stroke, the space between this boss 18 and the cylinder head projection 8 is very small indeed, air is forced out of this space downward into the main compression space of the engine cylinder, producing a flow of air at this point in opposition-to the natural flow of air in the eng ne cylinder due to the upstroke of the piston, whereby a swirling motion is set up in the main compression space, facilitating very greatly the mixture of the oil with the air in the compression space.

Because the boss 18 is not in contact with the water cooled cylinder wall, and therefore may become somewhat highly heated, it

aids materially in vaporization of the oil injected into the compression space.

What I claim is:

1. An internal combustion engine comprising in combination an engine cylinder having near its opposite ends two ports, one adapted to serve as an exhaust port and the other as a transfer port, a piston within the cylinder and provided with a sleeve extension adapted to travel across the rearward of such ports to open and close the same, said piston having a port adapted to open and close the forward of said cylinder ports,

said cylinder having also a head provided with a pro ection extending longitudinally into the cylinder to a point beyond that cylinder port which is proximate to such head, such projection spaced away from the cylinder Walls to provide a space for the travel of the sleeve extension of such piston, and further spaced away from the path oi such sleeve projection f1 can about the rear limit of the rear cylinder port, to provide a clear passage for the flow of gases through such port: aid engine further comprising a con} pression chamber wherein air may he cornpressed by motion of the piston, and a duct connecting such compression chamber With said transfer port: the construction losing such as to permit close approach of the pieton to said cylinder head with consequent small clearance space.

2. An internal combustion engine comprising in coinhination an engine cylinder haying near its opposite ends two ports, one adapted to serve as an exhaust port and the other as a transfer port, piston within the cylinder and provided with a sleeve extension adapted to travel across the rearward of such ports to open and close the same, said piston having a port adapted to open and close the forward of said cylinder ports, said cylinder ha ing also a head provided with a projection extending longitudinally into the cylinder to a point beyond that cylinder port which is pr inmate to such head, such projection spaced away from the cylinder Walls to provide a space for the travel the sleeve extension of such piston, and further spaced away from the path of such sleeve projection from about the rear limit of the rear cylinder port, to provide a clear passage for the of gases through such port. said piston provided with an inward projection arrange c to approach closely the sides of said cylinder head projection when the piston is near the rearward limit of its strolre Wherehy the clearance space is reduced; such engine further comprising a compression chamber wherein air may he compressed by motion of the piston, and a duct connecting such compression chamber with said transfer port.

3. An internal combustion engine comprising in combination an engine cylinder having near its outboard end a transfer port and having near its inboard end an exhaust port, a piston Within the cylinder and provided with a sleeve extension adapted to travel across said enhaustport to open and close the same, said piston having also a port adapted to open and close the transfer port, said cylinder having also a head provided with a projection extending longitudinally into the cylinder to a point beyond the exhaust port, such projection spaced away from cylinder Walls to provide a space for the travel of the sleeve extension the piston and further spaced from the path oi": such sleeve projection from shout the rear limit of the exhaust port to provide a clear passage for the flow of gases through such port; said engine further comprising a compression charoloer wherein air may he compressed icy motion of piston a duct connecting such compression chainhcr with said transfer port.

l. An internal combustion engine coinprising in combination an engine cylinder having near its outlooard end a transfer port and its inhoard end an exhaust portg piston Within the cylinder and provided with a sleeve extension adapted to travel across. said exhaust port to open and close the same, said piston ha ing also a port adapted to open and close the transfer port, said cylinder having also a head proyided a projection extending longitudinally into the cylinder to a point beyond the exhaust p rt, such projection spaced the cylinder Walls to provide a space for the travel the sleeve extension of the piston and further spaced away from the path of such sleeve projection from about the rear lirnit of the exhaust port provide a clear passage for the dour of through such port said piston provided with an inward projection arrang to approach closely the sides of said cylinder head projection when the piston is near the rearward limit or" its stroke, Wherehy the clearance space is reduced; said engine further coniprising a compression chamber wherein air may he compressed loy motion of the piston and a duct connecting such comprec ion charnher with said transfer port.

5. An internal combustion engine cornprising in cornhination an engine cylinder having near its opposite ends two ports, one adapted to serve as an exhaust port and the other as a transfer port a piston Within the cylinder and provided with a sleeve extene sion adapted to travel across the rearward of such ports to open and close the some said piston having a port adapted to open and close the forward of said cylinder ports said cylinder having also a head provided with a projection extending longitudinally into the cylinder to a point beyond the cylinder port which is proximate to such head, such projection spaced away from the cylinder walls to provide a space "for the travel of the sleeve extension of such piston, and tapering inward from about the rear lirnit of the rear cylinder port to provide a clear passage for the flow of gases through such port; said engine further comprisins a coinpression chamber wherein air may no corapressed by motion of the piston, and a duct connecting such compression chamber with said transfer port.

(-3. An internal combustion engine compfis 13g combination an engine cylinder havill) ' the fiow of ing near its opposite ends two ports, one adapted to serve as an exhaust port and the other as a transfer port, a piston within the cylinder and provided with a sleeve extenslon adapted to travel across the-rearward of such ports toopenand close the same, said piston having a port adapted to open and close the forward of said cylinder ports, said cylinder having also a head provided with a projection extending-longitudinally into the cylinder to a point beyond that cylinder port which is proximate to such head, such projection spaced awa from the cylinder walls to provide a space or the travel of the sleeve extension of such piston, and tapering inward from about-the rear limit of the rear cylinder port, to provide a clear passage for g I ses through such port said piston provied with an inward projection arranged to approach closely, the sides of said cylinder head proj mion when the piston is near the rearward limit of its stroke, whereby the clearance space is reduced; such engine further comprisin a compression chamber wherein air me he compressed by motion of the piston, an a duct connecting such compression chamber with said transfer port.

port, said cylinder ha also a v2 provided with a pro'ection r= |i lon tudinaliy into the cy indcr to a point beyond the exhaust port, projection spaaway 7. An internal combustion engine comfrom the cylinder walls to provide a ace for the travel of the sleeve extension 0 the piston and tapering inward from about the rear limit of the exhaust port to provide a clear passage for the flow of gases through such port, said piston provided with an inward projection, the rear side of which is shaped to correspond with the tapering portion of the cylinder head projection and is adapted to approach the same closely when the iston is near the rearward limit of its stro e, whereby the clearance space is reduced, and the front portion of which piston projection is curved; the piston head tapering rearwardly and formin with the proximate portion of the inwarf projection of such piston, a rearwardly curved passage arranged to direct gases entering through the transfer port toward the center and rear of the cylinder; said engine further comprising a compression chamber wherein air may be compressed by motion of the piston, and a duct connecting such compression chamber with said transfer port. 7

8. The herein described method of burning fuel oil in an internal combustion engine, which comprises compressing air such engine, injecting fuel oil into such air,

and at about the time'of such injection, forclng air under higher pressure toward and around the injected stream of oil, and thereby producing a swirling motion of the 011 and air.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witne.

LEON WYGODSKY. 

